Vnetje sečil

Customer question:

What causes urinary tract infections? Anonymous customer's question

Pharmacist's answer:

Inflammation of the urinary tract, also known as a urinary tract infection (UTI), is caused by bacteria that enter the urinary system and multiply there. The most common causative agent is the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli), which usually resides in the digestive tract. Bacteria can enter the urinary tract through the urethra and cause infection in any part of the urinary system, including the bladder (cystitis), the urethra (urethritis), and the kidneys (pyelonephritis).

Risk factors for developing UO include sexual activity, especially in women, as they have a shorter urethra, which allows bacteria to enter the bladder more easily. Using certain types of birth control, such as diaphragms and spermicides, also increases the risk. Pregnancy causes physiological changes in the urinary system, contributing to greater infection vulnerability. Age and menopause bring about changes in the urinary tract that can increase the risk of infections. In older men, an enlarged prostate can be the cause of problems with urination and, as a result, an increased risk of infections.

Anatomical or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract, such as kidney stones or strictures (narrowing of the ureter), also increase the risk of infection. Medical procedures such as bladder catheterization, which allows bacteria to enter the urinary system directly, also help. Weakened immune resistance, which can result from diseases such as diabetes or the use of immunosuppressive drugs, also contributes to increased vulnerability to urinary tract infections.

Symptoms of a urinary tract infection include a burning sensation, frequent urination, an urgent need to urinate, cloudy or bloody urine, and pain in the lower abdomen or back. Treatment usually includes antibiotics to clear up the bacterial infection, while for milder symptoms, home remedies can be used to ease the discomfort. Prevention is also important, which includes drinking fluids regularly, emptying the bladder after intercourse, and maintaining good personal hygiene.

Do women get urinary tract infections more often?

Yes, women get urinary tract infections more often than men. The reasons for this are primarily anatomical and physiological:

• Shorter urethra: Women have shorter urethra than men, meaning bacteria travel a shorter distance to reach the bladder. This increases the risk of bacteria entering the urinary tract and infections.
• , The proximity of the urethra to the anus: In women, the urethra is closer to the anus, which makes it easier for bacteria from the gut, such as Escherichia coli, to enter the urethra and cause infection.
• Changes in bacterial flora: Hormonal changes, such as those during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, can affect the bacterial flora in the vagina and urinary tract, which can increase susceptibility to infections.
• Sex: Sexual activity can contribute to a higher risk of urinary tract infections in women, as the mechanical movement of bacteria into the urethra during intercourse can lead to infection.
• Use of certain contraceptives: The use of certain types of contraceptives, such as diaphragms or spermicides, may increase the risk of urinary tract infections in women.

Since women are more susceptible to urinary tract infections, it is essential to take preventive measures such as regular bladder emptying, drinking enough fluids, and wiping correctly after using the toilet (from front to back) to reduce the risk of infections. It is also recommended to empty the bladder after intercourse, which helps remove any bacteria from the urethra.

Interesting reading: Uroinfekt