Ureteritis is an infection of one or both ureters - the tubes through which urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder.
PYELONEPHRITIS: General | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | Urethritis | Questions and Answers | Sources/references
Pyelonephritis is most often caused by the spread of infection from the kidneys or bladder. It can also be caused by slowed urine flow due to disturbances in the revival of part of the ureters.
Kidney and bladder infections should be treated. Parts of the ureters with worse functioning can be surgically removed.
Picture: Symptoms of kidney infection are diagnostically characteristic.
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Escherichia coli, which usually lives in the large intestine, causes kidney infections in 90 percent of home patients and only 50 percent of hospital patients. The infection most often spreads from the genital area to the bladder. The possibility of infection is usually prevented by the flow of urine, which washes out the infectious agents, and by the closing of the ureteric sphincter muscles at the entrance to the bladder.
Any blockage of urine flow increases the likelihood of a urinary tract infection. Kidney stones or an enlarged prostate most often cause kidney infections. A kidney infection can be caused by transmitting the pathogen from the blood. Thus, a staphylococcal skin infection spreads through the blood to the kidneys. Other factors that increase the risk of kidney infection are pregnancy, diabetes, and a weakened immune system.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a kidney infection appear suddenly. Chills, fever, back pain, nausea, and vomiting occur. About a third of patients with a kidney infection have symptoms of a lower urinary tract infection, often including pain during urination. One or both kidneys may become enlarged and tender. Patients feel pain usually in the lumbar region on the side of the diseased kidney. Sometimes, the abdominal muscles tense up a lot. The patient may feel sudden severe pain caused by a spasm of one of the ureters (renal colic).
Video content: Chronic pyelonephriPyelonephritisy.
Spasms are caused by irritation from infection or kidney stones. Kidney infection symptoms are challenging to recognize in children because they are usually mild. In case of a long-term infection (chronic pyelonephriPyelonephritis is challenging to define, the body temperature can be elevated or even expected. Chronic pyelonephriPyelonephritispeople with urinary tract disorders, such as obstruction of the flow of urine, kidney stones, and in children, it is most often caused by the leakage of urine from the bladder into the ureter. Chronic pyelonephritis kidney function, which can lead to complete failure.
Diagnosis
Symptoms of kidney infection are diagnostically characteristic. The doctor confirms them with a microscopic examination of the urine sample and a urine culture, which determines the presence of bacteria in the urine.
Additional investigations are necessary if patients have severe lower back pain due to renal colic if antibiotic treatment is not effective within 48 hours, if symptoms recur shortly after the end of taking antibiotics, and in men because they rarely get kidney infections. An ultrasound or X-ray examination can detect kidney stones, structural abnormalities, or other causes of urinary obstruction.
Treatment
If a kidney infection is suspected, the patient must submit urine and blood for laboratory tests, after which the doctor prescribes antibiotic treatment. The choice and dose of the drug depend on the laboratory results. Antibiotic treatment for a kidney infection usually lasts two weeks; for men who are cured of a urinary tract infection, it can take up to 6 weeks. Two to six weeks after the end of the antibiotic treatment, the urine sample should be re-examined to ensure the infection has been cured.
Image: Urinary tract infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
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When tests reveal a blockage of the urinary structural abnormality, urological intervention is sometimes necessary. For people with recurrent urinary tract infections who recur shortly after antibiotic treatment is completed, it is recommended that they take a small dose of antibiotics every day as a preventive measure. Although the duration of such treatment is not definitively defined, it usually stops after one year. If, despite this, the infection recurs, they can continue with preventive treatment even longer.
Healthy people do not have bacteria or other pathogens in their urine. Urine in the bladder is sterile. In the urethra, the tube that drains urine from the bladder, there are no or too few bacteria to cause disease. However, the infection can occur anywhere in the urinary tract. It is usually defined as an upper or lower urinary tract infection. The lower urinary tract comprises the urethra and bladder, while the upper urinary tract comprises the kidneys and two ureters.
Urinary tract infection occurs in two ways. It most often occurs when microorganisms enter the urinary tract through its lower part—in men, through the opening of the urethra in the genital organ, and in women, through the opening of the urethra between the labia. The infection then spreads up the urethra to other parts of the urinary tract. Urinary tract infection occurs less often due to the spread of microorganisms through the blood. In this case, the kidneys are most often affected.
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites can cause urinary tract infections. Healthy people do not have bacteria or other pathogens in their urine. The urine in the bladder is sterile. In the urethra, the tube that drains urine from the bladder, there are no or too few bacteria to cause disease. However, the infection can occur anywhere in the urinary tract. It is usually defined as an upper or lower urinary tract infection. The lower urinary tract consists of the urethra and bladder, and the upper urinary tract consists of the kidneys and two ureters.
Urinary tract infection occurs in two ways. It most often occurs when microorganisms enter the urinary tract through its lower part—in men, through the opening of the urethra in the genital organ, and in women, through the opening of the urethra between the labia. The infection then spreads up the urethra to other parts of the urinary tract. Urinary tract infection occurs less often due to the spread of microorganisms through the blood. In this case, the kidneys are most often affected.
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and various parasites, including worms, can cause urinary tract infections. Malaria is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite. Mosquitoes transmit it. It can block kidney vessels or cause a sudden breakdown of red blood cells (Molizo), leading to acute kidney failure.
Video content: Acute pyelonephriPyelonephritisract infection) - causes, symptoms, and pathology.
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease. A sign of the disease is a stretchy, greenish-yellow foamy discharge from the vagina. The infection rarely spreads to the bladder. Symptoms rarely accompany trichomoniasis in infected men, but it can cause prostate inflammation (prostatitis).
Schistosomiasis is a worm infection affecting the kidneys, ureter, and bladder. The disease often causes acute renal failure in residents of Egypt and Brazil. Chronic bladder infection can lead to bladder cancer. Filariasis is a trichinosis infection that clogs the lymphatic vessels. Lymph is secreted in the urine (chyluria). The lower limbs and the scrotum (scrotum) are severely swollen due to filariasis (elephantiasis).
Urethritis
Urethritis is an infection of the urethra (urethra), through which urine is excreted from the bladder. Bacteria, fungi, or viruses cause urethritis. Urinary tract infection in women is usually caused by microorganisms that migrate from the lower gastrointestinal tract and the area around the buttocks to the vagina and then to the urethra. Urethritis is rarer in men.
Picture: Urethritis is rarer in men.
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Sexually transmitted germs, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, are introduced into the vagina during intercourse by a man with an infected penis. A gonococcal infection most often causes urethritis in men. In women, gonococci cause infection of the vagina, cervix, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, less commonly urethritis. Chlamydia and the herpes simplex virus also cause urethritis and are transmitted through sexual intercourse.
Questions and answers
Why is pyelonephritis a complication of an ascending urinary tract infection that spreads from the bladder to the kidneys and their collecting systems[1]?
Is pyelonephritis transmitted disease?
No, pyelonephriPyelonephritisexually transmitted disease, but it is associated with sexual activity[2].
Is pyelonephriPyelonephritisr?
Chronic pyelonephritis, a term for pyogenic kidney infection, occurs almost exclusively in patients with significant anatomical abnormalities. Symptoms may be absent or include fever, malaise, and flank pain[3].
What is the most common cause of pyelonephriPyelonephritiscausative agent of acute pyelonephriPyelonephritisgative bacteria, the most common of which is Escherichia coli. Other Gram-negative bacteria that cause acute pyelonephritis are Klebsiella and Enterobacter[4].
Does the incidence of urinary tract infection increase with sexual activity?
The bacteria Escherichia coli causes most urinary tract infections, but during an infection, you are more susceptible to new sources of bacteria. Sex can increase the chances of a new bacterial infection[5].
Who most often gets urethritis?
Urethritis is most common in men aged 15 to 35 years. It can be caused by sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia[6].
Sources and references
Extensive health manual for home use, Youth Book Publishing House
- Acute PyelonephriPyelonephritispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Pyelonephritis: Kidney Infection - https://www.tena.co.nz
- Chronic PyelonephriPyelonephritiswww.msdmanuals.com
- Acute PyelonephriPyelonephritiswww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- What is the Link Between Urinary Tract Infections and Sex? - https://www.byramhealthcare.com
- Urethritis in Men - https://www.aafp.org
